ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Dexashock20 solution for injection
Dexashock20 solution for injection
Presentation:
Vial containing 25 ml
Species:
Composition
Dexamethasone (as 21 sodium phosphate) 2 g
Excipients q.s. 100 mL
Excipients q.s. 100 mL
Therapeutic Action
Potent steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for acute administration and shock therapy.
Indications for Use
EMERGENCY THERAPY: Shock Anaphylaxis. Bronchospasm.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS in post-traumatic processes: intracranial injury, spinal cord compression syndrome, rachialgias, neuralgias and neuropathies, spinal injuries, intracranial edema, hydrocephalus.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION: mainly used to alleviate joint pain, arthropathies, muscle pain, myopathies, synovitis, tendonitis and bursitis. Also used in case of dermatological or respiratory allergies, bronchospasm.
Glucocorticoids in general and dexamethasone in particular are able to prevent or suppress the development of the manifestations of inflammation. They inhibit not only the early manifestations of inflammation (such as edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration towards the swollen area and phagocytic activity), but also the late manifestations (capillary and fibroplast proliferation, collagen deposition and even scar formation).
TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: ketosis in ruminants.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT ACTION: (especially when the immune system is hyperactive; high doses are required in order to suppress the immune system). Autoimmune diseases.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS in post-traumatic processes: intracranial injury, spinal cord compression syndrome, rachialgias, neuralgias and neuropathies, spinal injuries, intracranial edema, hydrocephalus.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION: mainly used to alleviate joint pain, arthropathies, muscle pain, myopathies, synovitis, tendonitis and bursitis. Also used in case of dermatological or respiratory allergies, bronchospasm.
Glucocorticoids in general and dexamethasone in particular are able to prevent or suppress the development of the manifestations of inflammation. They inhibit not only the early manifestations of inflammation (such as edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration towards the swollen area and phagocytic activity), but also the late manifestations (capillary and fibroplast proliferation, collagen deposition and even scar formation).
TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: ketosis in ruminants.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT ACTION: (especially when the immune system is hyperactive; high doses are required in order to suppress the immune system). Autoimmune diseases.
Route of Administration
Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, intravenous.
Dosage and Instructions for Use
Initial dosage shall be maintained or adjusted until the anticipated response is observed. If clinical response is not seen after a reasonable amount of time, diagnosis shall be re-evaluated.
If the initial response is favorable, the initial dose shall be reduced until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached.
Animals shall be closely monitored for signs that indicate dosage adjustment is required. These may arise from a change in clinical status (e.g. remission or exacerbation of the condition), individual corticosteroid responsiveness or as a result of concomitant stress (e.g. surgery, infection, trauma).
During periods of stress, it may be necessary to increase the dose temporarily.
If the drug is administered for more than 4 or 5 days, it should be withdrawn gradually.
The administration of high doses of dexamethasone should be continued only until the condition of the animal is stabilized, which, usually is no more than 48 to 72 hours.
Reference dose:
1- Shock, in all species:
4 to 8 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 2 to 4 ml/10 kg live weight), intravenous route
2- Dogs y Cats: 0.1 to 2 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.05 to 1.0 ml/10 kg live weight) intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
3- Cattle and horses: 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.125 to 0.5 ml/50 kg live weight) intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
Reference dose according to different clinical uses:
- To prevent endotoxic shock: 5 mg/kg body weight slow intravenous route.
- Anaphylactic shock: 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight intravenous route.
- Hypovolemic shock/ dehydration: 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight intravenous route, with adequate control of internal milieu.
- Intracranial injury and/or spinal cord injury: initially administer as IV bolus 2 mg/ kg body weight, then, administer 0.2 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours.
- Spinal injury: intervertebral disk dislocation with paresis, spondylopathies: administer 2 to 3 mg/ kg body weight intravenously within 6 to 8 hours of injury, and then administer 1 mg/kg body weight, 2 to 3 times a day intramuscularly during the following 24 hours.
Then, administer 0.2 mg/ kg body weight every 12 hours for 2 to 3 days, and finally the dose shall be reduced to 0.1 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours, for the following 3 to 5 days.
Cerebral edema: 0.25 to 2.0 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours, intravenously.
- Hydrocephalus: 0.25 mg/kg body weight, 3 to 4 times a day. Reduce dose slowly after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment.
- Fibrocartilaginous myopathies or post-traumatic adhesions: Administer 2 mg/kg body weight 3 times a day, subcutaneously, and then, 0.1 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours, for 3 to 5 days.
- Paresis of the obturator and/or the peroneal nerve: 10 to 30 mg/kg body weight, once daily, for 2 to 3 days. Subcutaneous or intramuscular administration.
- Aseptic laminitis: administer 5 to 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously or intramuscularly every 24 hours, for 2 to 3 days.
- Ketosis: administer 5 to 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously or intramuscularly.
- Bronchial asthma, allergic bronchitis: administer 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ kg body weight, 1 to 3 times a day.
- Acquired thrombocytopenia (DIC): Administer 0.25 to 0.3 mg/kg body weight, intravenously or subcutaneously every 24 hours, then 0.1 to 0.15 mg/kg body weight, every 12 hours, for 7 days.
If the initial response is favorable, the initial dose shall be reduced until the lowest dose which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached.
Animals shall be closely monitored for signs that indicate dosage adjustment is required. These may arise from a change in clinical status (e.g. remission or exacerbation of the condition), individual corticosteroid responsiveness or as a result of concomitant stress (e.g. surgery, infection, trauma).
During periods of stress, it may be necessary to increase the dose temporarily.
If the drug is administered for more than 4 or 5 days, it should be withdrawn gradually.
The administration of high doses of dexamethasone should be continued only until the condition of the animal is stabilized, which, usually is no more than 48 to 72 hours.
Reference dose:
1- Shock, in all species:
4 to 8 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 2 to 4 ml/10 kg live weight), intravenous route
2- Dogs y Cats: 0.1 to 2 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.05 to 1.0 ml/10 kg live weight) intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
3- Cattle and horses: 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to 0.125 to 0.5 ml/50 kg live weight) intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route.
Reference dose according to different clinical uses:
- To prevent endotoxic shock: 5 mg/kg body weight slow intravenous route.
- Anaphylactic shock: 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight intravenous route.
- Hypovolemic shock/ dehydration: 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight intravenous route, with adequate control of internal milieu.
- Intracranial injury and/or spinal cord injury: initially administer as IV bolus 2 mg/ kg body weight, then, administer 0.2 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours.
- Spinal injury: intervertebral disk dislocation with paresis, spondylopathies: administer 2 to 3 mg/ kg body weight intravenously within 6 to 8 hours of injury, and then administer 1 mg/kg body weight, 2 to 3 times a day intramuscularly during the following 24 hours.
Then, administer 0.2 mg/ kg body weight every 12 hours for 2 to 3 days, and finally the dose shall be reduced to 0.1 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours, for the following 3 to 5 days.
Cerebral edema: 0.25 to 2.0 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours, intravenously.
- Hydrocephalus: 0.25 mg/kg body weight, 3 to 4 times a day. Reduce dose slowly after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment.
- Fibrocartilaginous myopathies or post-traumatic adhesions: Administer 2 mg/kg body weight 3 times a day, subcutaneously, and then, 0.1 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours, for 3 to 5 days.
- Paresis of the obturator and/or the peroneal nerve: 10 to 30 mg/kg body weight, once daily, for 2 to 3 days. Subcutaneous or intramuscular administration.
- Aseptic laminitis: administer 5 to 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously or intramuscularly every 24 hours, for 2 to 3 days.
- Ketosis: administer 5 to 20 mg/kg body weight intravenously or intramuscularly.
- Bronchial asthma, allergic bronchitis: administer 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ kg body weight, 1 to 3 times a day.
- Acquired thrombocytopenia (DIC): Administer 0.25 to 0.3 mg/kg body weight, intravenously or subcutaneously every 24 hours, then 0.1 to 0.15 mg/kg body weight, every 12 hours, for 7 days.
Contraindications / Warnings / Precautions
Do not use in case of known hypersensitivity to any components in the formulation.
Do not use in diabetic animals, unless necessary to start a treatment in a life compromising situation.
Dexamethasone is contraindicated in animals suffering from generalized fungal infections. However, it is widely believed that corticosteroids can be administered to animals that suffer from any type of fungal infection as long as the established therapy is the correct one. Dexamethasone can mask the signs of an infection (upper respiratory tract infection in cats is the best example, the animal experiences a clinical recovery but the infection remains latent). Do not use in case of viral illnesses or bacteriosis unless they are properly treated.
Administration of vaccines is not recommended in animals receiving corticosteroids.
Do not use in animals suffering from uremia, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, active laminitis, ulcerative processes in general, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, and leptospirosis in nesting and vaccinal periods.
It should be born in mind that high doses of corticosteroids during the last third of the gestation period may induce labor, occasionally, dystocia, fetal death, placenta retention and metritis may also be experienced after this effect.
It shall be used with caution in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal anastomosis or any hepatic condition that causes hypoalbuminemia.
Restrictions on Use
Do not use in dairy cows, during lactation, when milk is intended for human consumption.
Do not use in horses when they are intended for human consumption.
Do not use in diabetic animals, unless necessary to start a treatment in a life compromising situation.
Dexamethasone is contraindicated in animals suffering from generalized fungal infections. However, it is widely believed that corticosteroids can be administered to animals that suffer from any type of fungal infection as long as the established therapy is the correct one. Dexamethasone can mask the signs of an infection (upper respiratory tract infection in cats is the best example, the animal experiences a clinical recovery but the infection remains latent). Do not use in case of viral illnesses or bacteriosis unless they are properly treated.
Administration of vaccines is not recommended in animals receiving corticosteroids.
Do not use in animals suffering from uremia, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, active laminitis, ulcerative processes in general, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, and leptospirosis in nesting and vaccinal periods.
It should be born in mind that high doses of corticosteroids during the last third of the gestation period may induce labor, occasionally, dystocia, fetal death, placenta retention and metritis may also be experienced after this effect.
It shall be used with caution in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal anastomosis or any hepatic condition that causes hypoalbuminemia.
Restrictions on Use
Do not use in dairy cows, during lactation, when milk is intended for human consumption.
Do not use in horses when they are intended for human consumption.
Interactions
Dexamethasone must not be administered in conjunction with NSAI Drugs, such as: aspirin, phenylbutazone, carprofen or meloxicam since it may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Hepatic enzyme inductors (phenytoin, phenobarbital and rifampin) may increase the metabolism of dexamethasone and reduce its effectiveness, thus requiring an adjustment of the corresponding doses. Prothrombin time must be frequently checked in animals that are being administered anticoagulants in concomitance with dexamethasone, since dexamethasone may alter the effectiveness of anticoagulants.
Glucocorticoids stimulate urinary excretion of potassium. They can produce Hypokalemia if they are administered in concomitance with other drugs that also favor the elimination of potassium such as thiazide, furosemide or amphotericin B. Their administration is not recommended in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and pyridostigmine, since it may cause paresis in animals suffering from myasthenia gravis.
Dexamethasone can rarely increase blood coagulability. Animals treated with heparin or warfarin may experience a partial loss of clinical effect.
Glucocorticoids in general and dexamethasone in particular are able to prevent or suppress the development of the manifestations of inflammation. They inhibit not only the early manifestations of inflammation (such as edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration towards the swollen area, phagocytic activity), but also the late manifestations (capillary and fibroplast proliferation, collagen deposition and even scar formation).
TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: ketosis in ruminants.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT ACTION: (especially when the immune system is hyperactive; high doses are required in order to suppress the immune system). Autoimmune diseases.
Hepatic enzyme inductors (phenytoin, phenobarbital and rifampin) may increase the metabolism of dexamethasone and reduce its effectiveness, thus requiring an adjustment of the corresponding doses. Prothrombin time must be frequently checked in animals that are being administered anticoagulants in concomitance with dexamethasone, since dexamethasone may alter the effectiveness of anticoagulants.
Glucocorticoids stimulate urinary excretion of potassium. They can produce Hypokalemia if they are administered in concomitance with other drugs that also favor the elimination of potassium such as thiazide, furosemide or amphotericin B. Their administration is not recommended in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and pyridostigmine, since it may cause paresis in animals suffering from myasthenia gravis.
Dexamethasone can rarely increase blood coagulability. Animals treated with heparin or warfarin may experience a partial loss of clinical effect.
Glucocorticoids in general and dexamethasone in particular are able to prevent or suppress the development of the manifestations of inflammation. They inhibit not only the early manifestations of inflammation (such as edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration towards the swollen area, phagocytic activity), but also the late manifestations (capillary and fibroplast proliferation, collagen deposition and even scar formation).
TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: ketosis in ruminants.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT ACTION: (especially when the immune system is hyperactive; high doses are required in order to suppress the immune system). Autoimmune diseases.
Available
- Argentina
- Panamá
- Panamá